Study of cell organelles by using Models, Charts and Slides

Cell Organelles: Cells are the basic units of life and they are incredibly tiny. Most cells are microscopic and can only be seen with a microscope. Even though they are small, they are very complex and have many different parts, just like our bodies do. These parts are called organelles and each one has a specific job to do in order to keep the cell alive and functioning. There are many different organelles in a cell, but some of the most important ones mentioned here for the study by using charts, models, slides and electron miscrograph:

Cell Organelles

1. Nucleus

Comments

1. Nucleus is covered by a double layered membrane known as nuclear membrane or nuclear envelope.
2. Nuclear envelope has pores through which these nucleic acids and proteins pass in and out of the nucleus. ‘cell organelles‘
3. Within the nucleus is present a dark staining nucleolus.
4. Dense substance known as chromatin is present in the nucleus which during division transforms into chromosomes.
5. Hereditary material or the Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA  are present in the nucleus.

2. Golgi body

Comments

1. Double membranous structure.
2. The Golgi is composed of membrane-bound stacks known as cisternae.
3. Between four and eight cisternae are usually present.
4. The cisternae stack has five functional regions: the cis-Golgi network, cis-Golgi, medial-Golgi, trans-Golgi, and trans-Golgi network. 
5. The trans face of the trans-Golgi network is the face from which vesicles leave the Golgi.
6. New cisternae form at the cis-Golgi network. ‘cell organelles’

3. Mitochondrion

Comments

1. A mitochondrion contains outer and inner membranes composed of phospholipid bilayers and proteins.
2. The two membranes, however, have different properties.
3. These organelles range from 0.5–10 micrometers (μm) in diameter.
4. They are known as the ‘Power House’ of the cell as most of the energy is supplied to the cell by mitochondrion in the form of ATP.
5. Inner membrane is thrown into folds and  projections called as cristae.
6. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. ‘cell organelles’

4. Endoplasmic reticulum

Comments

1. The general structure of the endoplasmic reticulum is an extensive membrane network of cisternae (sac-like structures) held together by the cytoskeleton.
2. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum ‘Rough’ and ‘Smooth’.
3. Ribosomes are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum due to which it has rough appearance and hence its name.
4. Smooth ER is devoid of ribosomes hence it has smooth appearance.
5. The membrane of the ER is continuous with the outer layer of the nuclear envelope.

5. Ribosomes

1. Ribosomes are the protein factories of the cell.
2. They use instructions from the cell’s DNA to make proteins, which are essential for all cell functions.
3. Ribosomes are made up of RNA and protein and can be found free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

6. Lysosomes

1. Lysosomes are the cell’s waste disposal units.
2. They contain enzymes that break down old or damaged cell parts, food particles, and foreign invaders.
3. Lysosomes are membrane-bound sacs filled with enzymes.